The first time, assessment of groups have presented by Spies and Barnes (1985).Įcological species groups helps to identify ecosystems and theirs classification using absent and presence or relative cover. Species groups have used to identify different ecosystems in Neka midland forests (North of Iran) (Zahedi and Limayee, 2002), Michigan oak forests (Vandvik and John, 2002), Ghamishleh Marivan forests (West of Iran) (Basiri et al., 2004), Poshtkouh ranglands of Yazd province (Iran) (Jafari et al., 2004), Kelarabad plain forest (North of Iran) (Mahmoodi et al., 2005) and Kheiroodkenar forests (North of Iran) (Salehi et al., 2005). In ecology of vegetation have used of relation between species combination and environmental factors to determine ecological species groups (Monier and Abd, 2000 White and Hood, 2004).
PDF Abstract XML References Citation How to cite this article Apparently, similarity coefficient of differentiated vegetation groups was high. Result have showed that II, III vegetation groups and I, II vegetation groups had the most (65.5%) and the least (30%) of Sorenson similarity coefficient, respectively. They are named after the characterizing species as follows: Menta aquatica (I), Oplismenus undulatifolius (II), Carex grioletia (III), Viola odarata (IV) and Rubus caesius (V). Five vegetation groups were identified after the application of TWINSPAN programs. The objectives of the study were to develop ecological species groups for lowland ecosystems types dominated by hornbeam in north of Iran, describe the site indicator values of species groups and increase our understanding of site-species relationships in moderately disturbed landscape in Khanikan lowland forests of Mazandaran province. Vegetation data including density and cover percentage were estimated quantitatively within each quadrate and using the two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN).
Vegetation was sampled with randomized-systematic method.
The groups were defined on the basis of species patterns of presence, absence and coverage values. Species groups were determined from field observations and sample plot data arranged and analyzed in association tables. Pormajidian ABSTRACTĮcological species group were developed for hornbeam forest ecosystems in North of Iran that had been moderately disturbed.
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